Transient engine control

ABSTRACT

A feed back control system and method for direct injected engines, particularly useful in marine applications to improve transitional operation. This is done by effecting a change in engine speed by effecting a change in fuel injection to a cylinder subsequent to the cylinder being supplied with fuel at the time the change in speed is called for.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an engine control and more particularly to an improved engine transient condition control for a direct injected, internal combustion engine.

In spite of the advantages of two cycle engines over four cycle engines in regard to complexity and high specific output, the environmental concerns are causing reappraisal of the continued use of two cycle engines. Specifically, the overlap between the scavenge port and exhaust port opening and closing gives rise to the possibility that unburned hydrocarbons may pass into the atmosphere through the exhaust port.

It has been thought that the performance of these engines can be improved by utilizing such methodologies as feedback control and/or direct cylinder fuel injection in order to improve their performance and make their continued use more feasible.

With feedback control systems, an engine combustion condition sensor such as an oxygen sensor is positioned in proximity to the combustion chamber or the exhaust system so as to sense the oxygen content of the exhaust gases at the completion of the burning cycle. By determining the amount of oxygen present, it is possible to tell if the engine is running rich or lean. Then, feedback control is possible to maintain the desired fuel/air ratio and, accordingly, improve the exhaust emission control.

Direct cylinder injection also is useful in improving engine performance. With direct cylinder injection, the amount of fuel injected per cycle can be more accurately controlled and this is particularly important with two cycle engines.

Of course, the use of direct cylinder injection and feedback control can be utilized with four-cycle engines as well as two-cycle engines. Although the utility may be somewhat more useful with two-cycle engines because of their inherent problems with exhaust emission control, many of the control strategies that are useful with two-cycle engines can also be utilized with four-cycle engines.

Feedback control generally, however, is most effective when the engine is running primarily in a steady state mode. Under this condition, the feedback control system can make adjustments in the fuel/air ratio so as to bring them to that appropriate for the specific running condition. However, with the normal types of injection control, control under transient conditions such as sudden acceleration are not particularly effective. Also with two cycle engines the increased amount of fuel required also raises the risk of the first injected fuel passing out of the exhaust port.

It is, therefore, a principal object of this invention to provide an improved transient control for the direct injection system of an internal combustion engine.

It is a further object of this invention to provide the improved transient control for incorporation in a feedback control system for a direct injected internal combustion engine.

One of the advantages of fuel injection and specifically direct injection is that the amount of fuel injected for a given cylinder and for each cycle can be accurately controlled. This permits the use of arrangements where the individual cylinders can be feedback controlled independently of each other. However, under transient conditions, the making of an immediate adjustment in the fuel/air ratio in a given cylinder can cause uneven running and can cause backfiring and other unsatisfactory conditions.

It is, therefore, a still further object of this invention to provide an improved transient control system for an internal combustion engine wherein the control during transient conditions is done with a specific cylinder other than the instantaneously operating cylinder in order to improve engine smoothness and avoid undesirable combustion conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A first feature of this invention is adapted to be embodied in a two cycle, crankcase compression, direct cylinder injected internal combustion engine comprised of an engine body defining a plurality of cylinder bores. Pistons reciprocate in each of the cylinder bores. A cylinder head is affixed to one end of the engine body for closing the cylinder bores and defining with the pistons and the cylinder bores a plurality of combustion chambers. A crankcase chamber is a formed at the other end of the cylinder bores. A plurality of scavenge ports each interconnecting the crankcase chamber with a respective one of the combustion chambers and is opened and closed by the reciprocation of the respective one of the pistons in the respective of the cylinder bores for admitting an air charge to the combustion chambers. Each of a plurality of exhaust ports is formed in a respective one of the cylinder bores for discharging burned combustion products from the combustion chambers. The exhaust ports are opened and closed by the reciprocation of the pistons in the cylinder bores. Each of a plurality of fuel injectors sprays fuel directly into a respective one of the combustion chambers for combustion therein. Means sensing a demand for a substantial change in engine speed. Means effecting a change in engine speed by effecting a change in fuel injection to a cylinder subsequent to the cylinder being supplied with fuel at the time the change in speed is called for.

Another feature of the invention is embodied in a direct cylinder injected, internal combustion engine comprised of an engine body defining a plurality of cylinder bores in which pistons reciprocate. A cylinder head is affixed to one end of the engine body for closing the cylinder bores and defining with the pistons and said the cylinder bores a plurality of combustion chambers. A plurality of intake ports, each admit an air charge to a respective one of the combustion chambers. A plurality of exhaust ports, each discharge burned combustion products from a respective one of the combustion chambers. A plurality of fuel injectors, each spray fuel directly into a respective one of the combustion chambers for combustion therein. A combustion condition sensor is provided in proximity to one of the fuel injectors for determining the air/fuel ratio in the respective of the combustion chambers. A feedback control system controls the initiation of fuel injection and the duration of all of said fuel injectors based upon the output from the combustion condition sensor to maintain the desired fuel/air ratio by adjusting at least one of the timing of beginning of fuel injection and the duration of fuel injection in order to maintain the desired fuel/air ratio. Means sense a demand for a substantial change in engine speed. Means effect a change in engine speed by effecting a change in fuel injection amount to a cylinder subsequent to the cylinder being supplied with fuel at the time the change in speed is called for.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partially schematic view having three portions that are connected by the controlling ECU of the engine. The lower right hand portion of this view shows a side elevational view of an outboard motor, the lower left hand side shows a rear elevational view of the outboard motor on an enlarged scale and a partial cross-section of the engine taken through the cylinders and exhaust manifold and the upper portion shows a top plan view of the engine and the fuel supply system with portions shown schematically.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged and more complete view of the outboard motor as shown in the lower left hand view of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken through a single cylinder of the engine and depicts part of the theory by which the control strategy operates.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4--4 in FIG. 3 to further show the scavenging air flow pattern and the path of injected fuel.

FIG. 5 is a map that shows the different control ranges that are employed in conjunction with the invention.

FIG. 6 is a graphical view showing the sensor output and change in the injection of fuel in the feed back control routine.

FIG. 7 is a graphical view showing how the ending timing of fuel injection can change the engine power output.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the elements of the control system and their interrelation to the injector and sensors.

FIG. 9 is a graphical view showing engine speed with respect to time and the operation of the various cylinders in connection with a rapid acceleration condition.

FIG. 10 is a graphical view showing how the cylinders are chosen for increase in fuel for injection control in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 11 is a graphical view showing how the injection timing for a given cylinder varies in conjunction with steady state running and acceleration conditions.

FIG. 12 is a graphical view showing how the control sequence for selecting the cylinder for which adjustment is made during a rapid acceleration mode.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Referring initially primarily to FIG. 1, the lower right hand portion of this view illustrates a side elevational of an outboard motor that is constructed and operated in accordance with the invention. The outboard motor is indicated generally by the reference numeral 11 and except as will hereinafter be noted maybe considered to be of a generally conventional construction.

The outboard motor 11 is comprised of a power head 12 that contains a powering internal combustion engine 13. As best seen in the other two portions of this figure, the engine 13 is, in this embodiment, of the V6 type and operates on a two stroke crankcase compression principal. Although the number of cylinders and cylinder orientation can be varied, the invention has particularly utility in connection with two cycle engines and particularly those having multiple cylinders.

As is typical with outboard motor practice, the engine 13 is supported in the power head 12 so that its crankshaft 14 rotates about a vertically extending axis for a reason which will be described momentarily.

The power head 12 is completed by a protective cowling 15 which surrounds and protects the engine 13. This protective cowling 15 is formed with an air inlet opening so that induction air for operation for the engine 13 can be drawn from the surrounding atmosphere.

The engine 13 and specifically its crankshaft 14 is coupled to a driveshaft (not shown) that depends into and is journaled within a driveshaft housing lower unit assembly 16. This is the reason for the vertical orientation of the axis of rotation of the crankshaft 14. This driveshaft depends into the lower unit where it drives a propulsion device for an associated watercraft through a suitable transmission. In the illustrated embodiment, the propulsion device comprises a propeller 17 which is selectively driven in forward and reversed directions through a bevel gear reversing transmission of the type well known in this art.

The outboard motor 11 also includes clamping and swivel brackets or another arrangement for mounting it to the transom of an associated watercraft. Since these types of constructions are well known in the art, further description of them is not believed to be necessary to permit those skilled in the art to practice the invention. The mounting arrangement is such, however, that the height and trim angle of the propeller 17 may be adjusted, even during running. This is significant in the engine control, as will become apparent.

Referring now primarily to the lower left hand view and the upper view of FIG. 1 and additionally to FIG. 2, the engine 13 includes a cylinder block, indicated generally by the reference numeral 18. Because of the V-type configuration employed in this embodiment, the cylinder block 18 is formed with two cylinder banks each of which has three vertically spaced cylinder bores 19. Pistons 21 are slidably supported in the cylinder bores 19. The pistons 21 are connected by means of connecting rods 22 to the throws of the crankshaft 14 for driving it in a known manner.

Cylinder head assemblies, indicated generally by the reference numeral 23 are affixed to the banks of the cylinder block 18 and close the cylinder bores 21. These cylinder head assemblies 22, the cylinder bores 19 and the pistons 21 form the combustion chambers of the engine 13.

The crankshaft 14 rotates in a crankcase chamber defined by the cylinder block 18 and a crankcase member 24 that is affixed thereto. As is typical with two cycle crankcase compression engines, the portions of the crankcase chamber, indicated schematically at 25, associated with each of the cylinder bores 19 are sealed from each other.

An air charge is delivered to these individual crankcase chamber sections 25 by an air induction system which appears also in the upper portion of FIG. 1 and which is indicated generally by the reference numeral 26. This induction system 26 includes an air inlet device 27 that may include a silencing arrangement and which draws air from within the protective cowling 15 that has been admitted through the aforenoted inlet opening.

A throttle valve 28 is provided in throttle bodies that communicate with the intake device 27 and deliver it to intake manifold runners 29 of an intake manifold assembly. The throttle valves 28 are controlled in any suitable manner to satisfy the operator demand. The intake manifold runners 29 communicate with intake ports 31 formed in the crankcase member 24 and each associated with a respective cylinder bore 19.

Reed type check valves 32 are provided in the manifold runners 29 adjacent the intake ports 31. These reed type check valves permit an air charge to be drawn into the crankcase chambers when the respective pistons 21 are moving upwardly in their cylinder bores 19. As the pistons 21 move downwardly, the charge in the crankcase chambers 25 will be compressed and the respective reed type check valve 32 will close to preclude reverse flow.

Referring now additionally to FIGS. 3 and 4, it will be seen that each cylinder bore is provided with a scavenging system. In the illustrated embodiment, the scavenging system is of the Schnurl type and includes a pair of side, main scavenge ports 33 and a center, auxiliary scavenge port 34. Scavenge passages 35 communicate the crankcase chambers 25 with each of the scavenge ports 34 and 35. As is well known in two cycle practice, the scavenge ports 33 and 34 are opened and closed by the reciprocation of the pistons 21 in the cylinder bores 19.

It should be noted that the main scavenge ports 33 are disposed on opposite sides of an exhaust port 36 which is diametrically opposite the auxiliary scavenge port 34. As may be best seen in the lower left hand portion of FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2, the exhaust ports 36 communicate with exhaust manifolds 37 that are formed integrally within the cylinder block 18. Basically, there is an exhaust manifold 37 for each bank of cylinders.

These exhaust manifolds 37 terminate in exhaust pipes 38 that depend into a pair of expansion chambers 39 formed in the driveshaft housing and lower unit 16. These expansion chambers 39 communicate with a suitable high speed underwater exhaust gas discharge and a low speed, above the water exhaust gas discharge of any known type.

The underwater exhaust gas discharge is shown primarily in FIG. 2 and includes a conduit 40 that depends through the lower unit portion of the drive shaft housing lower unit and which communicates through the hub underwater discharge formed in the propeller 17.

As has been previously noted, the trim and height of the propeller 17 can be adjusted and this adjustment will change the depth of submersion of the underwater discharge during engine running. In addition, various water conditions may also cause this height to vary during engine running. Thus, the back pressure on the exhaust system will be variable and this back pressure is particularly significant in effecting the rate of air flow in scavenging the combustion chambers of the engine. Thus, a condition is present with marine applications that is not existent normally in automotive applications and which can seriously effect the feedback control, as will be described shortly.

As the pistons 21 move downwardly in their cylinder bores 19 toward the bottom dead center position shown in FIG. 3, the charge compressed in the crankcase chambers 25 will be compressed and eventually transfer to the respective engine combustion chamber, indicated generally by the reference numeral 41 through the scavenge passages 35 and scavenge ports 33 and 34 when they are opened by the movement of the piston 21. The flow of scavenging air is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 by the arrows SA.

In accordance with an important feature of the invention, the engine 13 is provided with a direct cylinder fuel injection system. This fuel injection system is shown in part schematically in the upper portion of FIG. 1 and will now be described by particular reference to that figure. Before referring thereto, however, it should be noted that fuel injectors 42 are mounted in the cylinder head assembly 23 so as to spray fuel from this fuel supply system directly into the combustion chambers 41. The location and functioning of these fuel injectors 43 will be described after the system which supplies fuel to them has been described.

As is typical with outboard motor practice, the outboard motor 11 is supplied with fuel from a main fuel tank 44 which is normally mounted within the hull of the associated watercraft. Fuel is supplied form this tank 44 by a first low pressure pump 45 to a fuel filter 46 that is mounted within the protective cowling 12. The connection from the fuel tank 44 to the filter 46 includes a conduit 47 having a quick disconnect coupling of a known type.

A second, engine driven low pressure fuel pump 47 in the power head 12 collects the fuel from the fuel filter 46 and delivers it to a vapor separator, indicated generally by the reference numeral 49. The low pressure fuel pumps 48 may be of the type that are operated by crankcase pressure variations as is well known in this art.

The vapor separator 49 includes an outer housing 51 that is mounted at a suitable location within the protective cowling 15. A level of fuel, indicated at 52 is maintained in this housing 51 by a valve operated by a float 53.

Contained within the housing 51 is an electrically driven pressure pump 54 which develops a higher pressure than the pump 47 but a pressure that is not really high enough for effective high pressure direct cylinder injection.

This fuel is discharged from the vapor separator housing 51 through a supply conduit 55 to a high pressure, engine driven, positive displacement pump 56. The pump 56 may be of any known type and preferably has one or more plungers operated by cams for delivering extremely high pressures at a positive displacement. The pressure at which fuel is delivered to the high pressure pump 56 is regulated by a low pressure regulator 57 in a return line 58 that communicates the pressure line 55 back with the interior of the vapor separator body 51.

The high pressure pump 56 delivers fuel under pressure to a main fuel manifold 59 through a conduit in which a check valve 61 is positioned. A parallel conduit 62 extends around the high pressure pump 56 to the main fuel manifold. A check valve 63 is provided in this bypass line so that when the high pressure pump 56 is generating high pressure fluid, no flow will occur through the line 62.

A high pressure regulator 64 is provided in the main fuel manifold 59 and limits the maximum pressure of the fuel supply to the fuel injectors 43. This is done by dumping fuel back to the vapor separator assembly 49 through a return line 65. A fuel heat exchanger or cooler 66 may be provided in this return line 65 so as to ensure that the fuel is not at too high a temperature.

A pressure sensing device 67 is provided also in the main fuel manifold 59 for providing a fuel pressure signal to an ECU, indicated at 68 in FIG. 1 for controlling the engine systems, as will be described.

The main fuel manifold 59 supplies fuel to a pair of fuel rails 69 each of which is associated with a respective one of the cylinder banks. The fuel rails 69 each supply fuel in a known manner to the fuel injectors 43 of the respective cylinder banks.

As seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the fuel injectors 43 are mounted in the cylinder head assemblies 23, in the illustrated embodiment, over the exhaust ports 36 on the exhaust side of the engine. These injectors spray downwardly toward the heads of the pistons 21. The fuel injectors 43 are preferably of the solenoid operated type and have a solenoid valve which, when opened, controls the discharge of fuel into the combustion chambers as shown in broken lines in FIG. 3 so as to provide a fuel patch in the combustion chamber, the size of which depends upon the duration of fuel injection as will become apparent.

Spark plugs 71 are mounted in the cylinder head assemblies 23 and have their spark gaps disposed substantially on the axis of the cylinder bores 19. These spark plugs 71 are fired by an ignition circuit under the control of the ECU 68.

The ECU 68 controls the timing of firing of the spark plugs 71 and the beginning and duration of fuel injection by the injector 69 in connection with a feed back control system, preferably as described in our aforenoted copending application. To this end, there is provided a number of sensors which sense either engine running conditions, ambient conditions or conditions of the outboard motor 11 that will effect engine performance. Certain of the sensors are shown schematically in FIG. 1 and will be described by reference to that figure. It should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, however, that other types of sensing and control arrangements may be provided operating within the general parameters which will be set forth later having to do with the control of fuel injection during transient conditions and particularly those involving substantial changes in engine speed.

A crank angle sensor 72 is associated with the crankshaft 14. This sensor 72 provides not only a signal of crank angle but by comparing that signal with time an indication of crankshaft rotational speed.

There is also provided a crankcase pressure sensor 73 which senses the pressure in one or all of the crankcase chambers 25. By measuring crankcase pressure at a particular crank angle, engine air induction amount can be determined.

Engine or operator demand is determined by a throttle position sensor 74 that operates conjunction with a throttle valve 28 so as to determine this condition.

As noted, the ECU 68 may operate on a feedback control condition and thus, an air fuel ratio sensor 75 is provided that communicates with the combustion chambers or exhaust port of at least one of the cylinder. Preferably, an oxygen sensor is utilized for this purpose, although other types of devices may be employed.

In order to provide a good indication of the fuel/air ratio, it is important that the oxygen sensor 75 is positioned so that it will sense the combustion products near the completion of combustion and before a fresh charge of air is delivered to the combustion chamber. Therefore, and as best shown in FIG. 3, the oxygen sensor 75 is provided so that its probe opens into the cylinder bore 19 at a point that is disposed slightly vertically above the upper edge of the exhaust port 36. In this way, the oxygen sensor 75 will be in a position to receive combustion products immediately before opening of the exhaust port and most positively before the opening of the scavenge ports so that it will sense the combustion products at the time combustion has been substantially completed.

Engine temperature is sensed by a engine temperature sensor 76.

The temperature of the cooling water drawn from the body of water in which the watercraft or outboard motor 11 is operated is measured by a water temperature sensor 77. As has been noted, those sensors described may be just typical of any of the wide variety of sensors utilized for engine control.

In addition to controlling timing of firing of the spark plugs 71 and initiation and duration of fuel injection by the fuel injectors 43, the ECU 68 may also control a lubricating system. This is comprised of an oil supply system including a pump 78 that sprays oil into the intake passages 29 for engine lubrication. In addition, some forms of direct lubrication may be also employed for delivering lubricant directly to certain components of the engine.

It has already been noted that the adjustment of the angle of the propeller 17 will change the vertical position of its high-speed exhaust discharge and accordingly the back pressure. Thus, there are provided additional sensors which sense factors that will indicate this depth. These comprise an engine height sensor 79 that is mounted on the outboard motor 11 and which senses its height adjustment. Also, a trim angle sensor 81 is provided which senses the adjusted trim angle.

Other sensors may also be employed for control and some of these are associated with the engine 13 or the outboard motor 11 itself. These may include an engine vibration or knock sensor 82 and a neutral sensor 83. The neutral sensor 83 cooperates with the aforenoted forward, neutral, reverse transmission and will provide an indication of when the watercraft is operating in neutral.

Also shown schematically in FIG. 1 is a watercraft speed sensor 84 and a watercraft pitch sensor 85 that will sense the condition of the watercraft relative to the body of water and again indirectly the back pressure in the exhaust system. Finally, there is provided an atmospheric pressure sensor 86. Of course, the sensors described are only typical of those types of sensors which may be employed for the feedback control system, as will become apparent.

The components of the system as thus far described may be considered to be conventional and for that reason, where any component has not been illustrated or described in detail, reference may be had to conventional or known structures with which to practice the invention.

In accordance with the basic feed back control strategy, the injection timing is initiated before a point where the injected fuel path toward the exhaust port 36 and considering the air flow within the combustion chamber will not reach the exhaust port before it has fully closed. This concept is described in full detail in our aforenoted, copending application. Since this invention relates primarily to control under certain specific running conditions namely transient speed conditions, a full description of the basic control strategy is not believed necessary to understand or practice this invention.

However, in accordance with the basic control strategy, the fuel injection is initiated at a time after bottom dead center and before exhaust port closing and continuing to a point before the exhaust port closes. The actual time of starting of injection and the duration are controlled by a feedback control and certain portions of that routine will now be described.

The various feed back operating ranges are shown in FIG. 5, as aforenoted and will now be described. FIG. 5 is a graphical view showing the determinations that are made in the ECU 68 to determine the engine operational range. Under light loads and speeds the mixture is kept rich and the air/fuel ratio is set so as to be in the range of about 11 to 12 to 1. This range is indicated by the reference character A.

In midrange conditions there is a control range indicated at B where the engine is operated in a lean burn condition and the mixture may be somewhat stratified. This range is indicated by the reference character B and in this range the air/fuel ratio is maintained in the range of about 15 to 16 to 1.

Under high load/high speed conditions which approaches wide open throttle, there is a third control range indicated at C where the mixture is run on the excessively rich side to protect the engine from damage. In this range, the air to fuel ratio is maintained about 11 to 1.

There is a remaining range outside of those noted which is indicated at D and in this range the mixture is kept on the weak side of rich, i.e., around 12 to 14 to 1.

There are also two other types of conditions which are indicated by the open arrows one of which represents sudden acceleration and the other of which indicates sudden deceleration and it is with these ranges that the invention relates. This strategy will be described shortly.

In each of the feedback control ranges, A-D, a routine as shown in FIG. 6 is followed. The upper portion of this figure shows the output of the oxygen sensor 75. As may be seen, the sensor output varies on either side of stoichiometric by going successively from lean to rich. When the mixture crosses over from lean to rich as shown at the time a1, the fuel injection amount shown in the lower curve is decreased. In a typical feedback control routine, an initial relatively large incremental fuel decrease occurs and subsequently lesser amounts of fuel are supplied at progressive time intervals until at the time a2 the sensor output shifts from rich back to lean. The program then moves to increase the amount of fuel injected first in a large step and subsequently in incremental steps so that the amount of fuel injected X varies again to bring the mixture back into the stoichiometric ratio.

The purpose of the operation in the mode when there is a sudden acceleration or deceleration is to maintain maximum engine output during the transitional phase. This may be understood by reference to FIG. 7 which shows a graph that indicates how the end of injection timed affects the engine power output.

It may be seen that by keeping the end of the injection time midway between advanced and retarded, maximum performance can be obtained. Therefore, in accordance with the invention during the transitional phases when there is sudden acceleration and deceleration as shown by the open arrows in FIG. 5, the fuel injection initiation time and duration is chosen so as to obtain or operate in the maximum power range.

FIG. 8 is a graphical view showing how the control system is interrelated with the control of the injectors 43 and shows the parts of the ECU that are utilized primarily for this transitional control. However, some of the basic control is also shown in this figure.

The outputs from the sensors 72 and 74 are indicative of engine speed and engine load, as aforenoted. This output is transmitted to a section 101 of the ECU 68 which determines the injection duration and the timing of beginning of injection. This section 101 basically uses look-up maps to look up what the basic air-fuel ratio should be set at for the given engine conditions, as well as determining in which of the operating ranges the engine is operating, as seen in FIG. 5. This output is then transmitted to an air fuel control section 102 that has a first section 103 that calculates injection duration and a second section 104 that calculates injection timing. These sections take information from the section 101 and then modify it depending upon the output from the oxygen sensor 85. This performs the feedback control routine that is shown in FIG. 6.

However, in addition to that, there is a section 105 that determines if there is an acceleration or deceleration condition. This outputs a signal to a further section 106 which, when it is determined that there is a rapid acceleration or deceleration as determined by the control routine which will be described in connection with FIG. 12, outputs a signal to a cylinder adjusted selector 106.

This selector receives information indicating the crank angle from a unit 107 which basically uses the crank angle position sensor and also a cylinder discriminating circuit 108 which functions to determine which cylinder is at top dead center.

As may be seen in FIG. 9, the system operates so that when the transient condition is changed, a change is not immediately made in the fuel injection amount and duration. Rather, the program waits until the next cylinder to be injected arrives. As the example shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the next cylinder it will be cylinder number 2. Since the engine has six cylinders, there is 60° interval between the cylinders to provide equal firing impulses. Thus, if cylinder number 1 was the cylinder that had been injected and fired at the time the transitional condition is sensed, then the program makes the adjustment first with the next cylinder to be injected at cylinder number 2.

As may be seen in FIG. 11, the adjustment of that cylinder's fuel injection is controlled during acceleration so as to begin at an angle β before the exhaust port closes and to terminate at an angle α before the spark plug is fired. The width of the band or the amount of fuel injected FD will be greater than the normal fuel injection amount assuming that there is an acceleration condition. On deceleration, obviously, the opposite situation results. After this cylinder is adjusted, then the remaining cylinders are adjusted in sequence.

This control routine will now be described by reference to FIG. 12. Thus, when the acceleration control begins, the program moves to the first step S1 so as to read the engine running parameters as aforenoted, i.e., the engine speed, engine load, or throttle angle, crank angle and specific cylinder which is at the top dead center condition.

Having taken these readings, the program moves to the step S2 to determine if there is an acceleration or deceleration mode by checking the difference in throttle angle in a given time period with a preset constant K. If the throttle angle change is not greater than this amount, then it is assumed that the engine is then in a steady state running mode and the program repeats.

If, however, the program is in an acceleration or deceleration mode, although acceleration is the mode that is shown in this figure, the program then moves to the step S3 to detect the present crank angle based upon the next cylinder which will reach top dead center. The program then moves to the step S4 so as to set a counter "n" to the value 1.

The program then moves to the step S5 so as to select the cylinder on which the injection adjustment amount will be made first. This is done by determining whether the crank angle for cylinder number 1 is within the range of 95 to 155° before bottom dead center. This angle is chosen because of the 60° cylinder spacing and to ensure that there will be adequate time to make the adjustment and injection for the next cylinder.

Assuming the answer at this step is yes, the program jumps ahead to step S10. At this step, the adjusted injection starting time and duration is chosen. When this is done, then the program moves to the step S11 which continues to make the adjustment values in the cylinders in a predetermined order. The program then moves to the step S12 to determine if the acceleration has ended. If it has, the program ends. If not, however, the program repeats back to the step S11.

If, however, at the step S5, it has been determined that cylinder n is not within the range from bottom dead center condition, then the program moves ahead to step S6. In this step, it takes the crank angle and subtracts from it the value of 60° to obtain a new crank angle basically for the next cylinder.

The program then moves to the step S7 to determine if the cylinder number is equal to 5. This being the next to last cylinders to fire. If it is not, the program moves ahead to the step S8 to reset the value of n by adding 1 to it and then the program repeats back to step S5. If, however, the cylinder is the next to last cylinder, i.e., n=5, then the program moves to the step S9 so as to advance the value of n by 1 and moves immediately to the step S10 so as to set the adjusted values for the cylinder. It should be understood that the same strategy is utilized in deceleration mode, but the amount of fuel injected is decreased.

Thus, from the foregoing description, it should be readily apparent that the described embodiment of the invention provides not only good feedback control, but also good control during transient conditions to provide smooth accelerations and decelerations without backfiring, misfiring, or running. At the same time, exhaust emission control is maintained since the blowby of unburned gases from the exhaust port is avoided. Of course, the foregoing description is that of a preferred embodiment of the invention and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A two cycle, crankcase compression, direct cylinder injected internal combustion engine comprised of an engine body defining a plurality of cylinder bores, a piston reciprocating in each of the cylinder bores, a cylinder head affixed to one end of the engine body for closing the cylinder bores and defining with said pistons and said cylinder bores a plurality of combustion chambers, a crankcase chamber formed at the other end of said cylinder bores, a plurality of scavenge ports each interconnecting said crankcase chamber with a respective one of said combustion chambers and opened and closed by said reciprocation of the respective one of said pistons in the respective of said cylinder bores for admitting an air charge to said combustion chamber, a plurality of exhaust ports each formed in a respective one of the cylinder bores for discharging burned combustion products from said combustion chambers, said exhaust ports being opened and closed by the reciprocation of said pistons in said cylinder bores, a plurality of fuel injectors each spraying fuel directly into a respective one of said combustion chambers for combustion therein, means for sensing a demand for a substantial change in engine speed, and means for effecting a change in engine speed by effecting a change in fuel injection to a cylinder subsequent to the cylinder being supplied with fuel at the time the change in speed is called for.
 2. A two cycle, crankcase compression, direct cylinder injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein the change in fuel injection is not made until after an operating cylinder in the firing order has fired and before the next fuel injector in the firing order has begun its injection.
 3. A two cycle, crankcase compression, direct cylinder injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 2, wherein after the next fuel injector in the firing order has injected then other cylinders in the firing order are supplied with the change in fuel injection.
 4. A two cycle, crankcase compression, direct cylinder injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein the change in fuel injection is a change in injection amount.
 5. A two cycle, crankcase compression, direct cylinder injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 4, wherein the change in fuel injection amount is not made until after an operating cylinder in the firing order has fired and before the next fuel injector in the firing order has begun its injection.
 6. A two cycle, crankcase compression, direct cylinder injected internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 5, wherein after the next fuel injector in the firing order has injected then other cylinders in the firing order are supplied with the change in fuel injection amount.
 7. A direct cylinder injected, internal combustion engine comprised of an engine body defining a plurality of cylinder bores in which pistons reciprocate, a cylinder head affixed to one end of said engine body for closing said cylinder bores and defining with said pistons and said cylinder bores a plurality of combustion chambers, a plurality of intake ports, each for admitting an air charge to a respective one of said combustion chambers, a plurality of exhaust ports, each for discharging burned combustion products from a respective one of said combustion chambers, a plurality of fuel injectors, each for spraying fuel directly into a respective one of said combustion chambers for combustion therein, a combustion condition sensor provided in proximity to one of said fuel injectors for determining the air/fuel ratio in the respective of said combustion chambers, a feedback control system for controlling the initiation of fuel injection and the duration of all of said fuel injectors based upon the output from said combustion condition sensor to maintain the desired fuel/air ratio by adjusting at least one of the timing of beginning of fuel injection and the duration of fuel injection in order to maintain the desired fuel/air ratio, means for sensing a demand for a substantial change in engine speed, and means for effecting a change in engine speed by effecting a change in fuel injection amount to a cylinder subsequent to the cylinder being supplied with fuel at the time the change in speed is called for.
 8. A direct cylinder injected, internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 7, wherein the change in fuel injection is not made until after an operating cylinder in the firing order has fired and before the next fuel injector in the firing order has begun its injection.
 9. A direct cylinder injected, internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 8, wherein after the next fuel injector in the firing order has injected then other cylinders in the firing order are supplied with the change in fuel injection amount. 